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California Supreme Court Says Even a Single Slur by a Coworker Can Give Rise to Employer Liability for Hostile Work Environment and Retaliation (US) - Karma Global

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  • August 27 15:28:44, 2024
Global Compliance and Workplace Governance

Global Growth, Local Accountability: A Workplace Harassment Ruling That Employers Cannot Ignore

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California Supreme Court: A single utterance of a racial slur may trigger workplace harassment claims

Bailey v. San Francisco District Attorney’s Office

In Bailey v. San Francisco District Attorney’s Office, the California Supreme Court ruled that a single use of a racial slur may be actionable harassment under the California Fair Employment and Housing Act if it is sufficiently severe under the totality of the circumstances.

The case

Twanda Bailey, who is African American, was employed by the San Francisco District Attorney’s Office. She alleged that a co worker with whom she shared an office and job duties called her a racial epithet. She did not immediately report the incident because she feared harassment and retaliation from the Human Resources Manager, who had been accused of harassment and retaliation by other African American employees who reported incidents involving Bailey’s co worker.

What happened next

Eventually, Bailey’s colleague reported it to the department’s personnel officer; however, the officer failed to file a formal report with the City’s HR Department, as required by City policy.

When Bailey later requested a copy of the complaint, the personnel officer told her that no formal complaint was filed, refused Bailey’s request to file a complaint, and told Bailey that she should not have told her co workers about the incident because that could have created a hostile work environment.

A couple of months later, the City’s HR Department received a copy of the complaint from a third party, but failed to take action, deciding that one comment was not sufficiently severe to create a hostile work environment.

After taking a medical leave of absence for stress from her working environment, Bailey sued the City for racial harassment and retaliation. The trial and appellate courts ruled against Bailey, effectively dismissing her case, finding that a co worker’s single use of a racial epithet was insufficiently severe to support a claim of harassment.

Supreme Court decision

The Supreme Court reversed. It focused its inquiry on whether the totality of circumstances created a hostile work environment, giving full consideration of the specific word or words used, the speaker, whether it was directed at the plaintiff, and the larger social context of the workplace.

Core conclusion

The Court concluded that the facts, taken together, created a triable issue of fact as to whether the alleged harassment was sufficiently severe to create a hostile working environment. In other words, Bailey presented enough evidence for a jury, not the judge, to decide whether a hostile working environment existed.

Employer liability lens

Since the epithet was uttered by a co worker and not a supervisor, to impose liability on the City, Bailey had to show that the City had knowledge of the incident and failed to take immediate and appropriate corrective action. The Court found sufficient evidence that the complaint was not timely investigated and was undermined by the HR Manager.

Takeaway for employers

Employers need to be vigilant about properly handling harassment, discrimination and retaliation complaints. This includes having a well-defined policy and procedure for reporting and investigating all complaints of discrimination, harassment and retaliation.

Practical governance expectations
  • Maintain clear reporting channels and investigation protocols for every complaint.
  • Train employees on the complaint process and response expectations.
  • Assure employees they can raise concerns without fear of retaliation.
  • Ensure timely investigation and appropriate corrective action when the employer is on notice.
Proprietary blog note
Proprietary blog of Karma Global, collated and compiled by the internal staff of Karma Global with the knowledge and expertise they possess, besides adaptation, illustration, derivation, transformation, collection and auto generation for its monthly newsletter Issue 27 of September 2024. For specific or general information or compliance updates, kindly reach out to the Marketing Team.
For queries and updates
mudra@karmamgmt.com
Disclaimer: This page is an informational communication intended for awareness. For legal interpretation or case-specific advice, please consult qualified counsel.

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